Posts Tagged: "IPR"

PTAB Administrative Trials: Where Are We Now?

While the PTAB statistics demonstrate the profound effect that the AIA trials have had on issued patents, it seems to have the greatest impact on non-manufacturing patent assertion entities (PAE). With the increased tendency of district courts showing a willingness to grant stays of the concurrent litigation, the AIA trials have become an effective weapon against PAE. However, nevertheless, it is not surprising that with any dynamic system we have seen a settling process where institution rates have been dropping and the information provided by the PTAB in its publication of informational and precedential decisions has served to provide clarity to those practicing before the PTAB in administrative trials.

New legislation is not needed to fix post grant procedures at the PTO

The enumerated problems with the post grant procedures could be bettered by both the courts and the USPTO. The courts have had an opportunity to change the standard for claim construction in the post grant procedures but have declined. However, the USPTO can ameliorate the problem itself by providing for more liberal leave to amend. The rationale for BRI at the USPTO is that patentee can amend at the Office but not in court. The Office can more easily allow for claims that are further limiting and this would greatly reduce the problem.

Have We Met the Challenge of Creating Effective Post Grant Challenge Proceedings?

IPRs offer many improvements compared to inter partes reexamination[12]. However, the statistics reveal that IPRs are no more of a true alternative for litigation than the challenge proceeding which they replaced and supposedly improved upon – at least not yet, but with all of the publicity about the high rate of invalidation it is hard to imagine that patent challengers just need more time to gain confidence in IPRs. These statistics combined with the relationship between IPR behavior and the increasing phenomenon of efficient infringement suggest that the post grant challenge proceedings as currently implemented are not a substitute for litigation and may, unfortunately, instead actually promote litigation.

Misleading PTO statistics hide a hopelessly broken PTAB

While the Patent Office likes to tout statistics that assert most patent claims challenged in IPR are not invalidated, those statistics are simply not credible. When reporting its statistics the Patent Office ignores the reality that once an IPR is actually instituted few claims are actually adjudicated to be patentable. The Office is also grossly misleads when they characterize claims not subject to a final written decision as “remaining patentable.”… Recently I’ve heard a story from a former PTAB judge who explained that institution of IPR challenges is far more likely when there are multiple petitions filed against the same patent because it makes it easier for PTAB judges to meet their production quota. If that is not proof that the PTAB is hopelessly broken I don’t know what is.

The America Invents Act Five Years Later: Reality, Consequences and Perspectives

At exactly 11:42am on September 16, 2011, President Barak Obama signed the America Invents Act into law. As President Obama put his pen down he said: “All right guys, congratulations, the bill is signed.” It was at this precise moment that U.S. patent laws dramatically changed forever. With this in mind, over the next two weeks we will be examining the AIA in great detail in a special AIA 5th Anniversary series. I’ve invited a number of guests to comment, discuss and/or editorialize about the AIA. Below is a sneak peak of some of the contributions already received. As articles are published this preview article will be updated with links to the entire series.

PTAB arbitrary and capricious in denying motion to amend in IPR

In the final decision by the Board in the IPR, the Board denied the patent owner’s motion solely because the patent owner did not discuss whether each newly added feature was separately known in the prior art. The Board concluded that the motion and the declaration of Veritas’s expert, Dr. Levy, was insufficient because it did not discuss the features separately but discuss only the newly added feature in combination with other known features. The Federal Circuit found that denying the motion to amend for this reason alone was unreasonable and, therefore, the decision of the Board had to be set aside as being arbitrary and capricious.

Lifefactory patent on protective sleeves for containers survives IPR with most claims intact

The Lifefactory patent covering a protective sleeve technology survived a challenge at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) with most of its claims intact. The company announced that 13 of 21 claims in U.S. Patent No. 8579133, titled Protective Sleeves for Containers, were deemed valid as a result of an inter partes review (IPR) filed by Leapfrog Product Development of Chicago, IL. The ‘133 patent is not currently involved in any current litigation as of our August 26th interview with Mabrey. According to Mabrey, the company wanted to wait to see the outcome of the IPR process before deciding on a strategy.

The Number of Unique Patent Assertions Has Been Declining Since 2010

The analysis of unique patent numbers asserted each year surprisingly suggested a decline since 2010. This is an important measure, because it shows that the rise in the number of lawsuits reported by many studies is the result of only a few players (plaintiffs) who had to file many cases due to AIA and joinder rules. Additionally, although it was assumed by many experts that the number of patents per case will increase over time in order to reduce the risk of invalidation through IPR, that number has not changed significantly. In fact, it dropped last year.

Phillips Claim Construction Standard Applies to Ex Parte Reexam After Patent Expires

The Court held that the Board improperly continued to apply the BRI standard following the expiration. While the examiner properly applied the BRI prior to expiration, the BRI standard no longer applies the moment the patent expires – even if it means the Board applies a different standard than the examiner.

The Federal Circuit Will Not Re-Weigh Evidence Considered By The Board in IPR Appeals

The Court noted that all of Warsaw’s arguments related to the Board’s findings of fact, and were therefore reviewed for “substantial evidence.” The Board’s reconciliation of the potentially conflicting descriptions in the reference amounted to a re-weighing of evidence, which is not permitted under the standard of review. The Court also affirmed the Board’s motivation to combine analysis. Finally the Court summarily rejected Warsaw’s arguments presented for the first time on appeal.

USPTO Director Lee sued for declaring federal holiday, allowing IPR filing after statutory deadline

It was only going to be a matter of time before Director Lee declaring a federal holiday without any statutory authority came back to haunt the USPTO. Here the defendants were served with the complaint on December 24, 2014, which means any IPR had to be filed on or before Thursday, December 24, 2015. The defendants filed their IPR petitions on Monday, December 28, 2015. The patent owner argues in a recently filed federal complaint that the IPR petitions would be considered untimely but for Director Lee declaring December 22-24, 2015, federal holidays due to the catastrophic failure of the USPTO’s electronic filing systems.

U.S. patent system may be biggest obstacle for inventors

The NPR-style article tells the story of Tory Norred, a fellow in the cardiology program at the University of Missouri, who in 1998 came up with the idea for a collapsible prosthetic aortic valve that could be fished up through an artery with a catheter and implanted in the hearts of patients who suffered from failing aortic valves. Unlike previous valves, Norred’s stent disperses the force needed to hold it in place against the aorta’s walls, requiring no sutures. In November 2002 he received U.S. Patent No. 6,482,228, “Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement.” Norred knew that he was on to something important, but that was not the beginning of success, it was the start of a nightmare that led to repeated frustration.

Common sense is no substitute for reasoned analysis and evidentiary support

O’Malley recognized that in Perfect Web the Federal Circuit did authorize the use of common sense to supply a missing claim limitation, but she pointed out that this was the only case where that has been done. O’Malley further explained that in Perfect Web that which was missing was “unusually simple and the technology particularly straightforward.” In fact, in Perfect Web, which dealt with sending e-mail to an e-mail list, the missing claim limitation was nothing more than merely repeating the step of resending e-mails in accordance with the claim. Thus, O’Malley explained that Perfect Web is properly considered an exception to allowing common sense to supply a missing claim limitation, rather than the rule.

Reverse Payment Settlements and Holdup Under PTAB

One reason the PTAB is convenient for reaching reverse payment deals is that there is no direct antitrust oversight, since its judges are administrators with very narrow legal authority. Further, while there is a statute requiring agreements between Hatch-Waxman firms to be submitted to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) for antitrust review, the parties may attempt to evade it. The statute requires submission of agreements that relate to the manufacture or sale of either firm’s drug. The parties might therefore feel justified (rightly or wrongly) in not submitting a consent decree stating that the patent is valid and would be infringed by the proposed generic, since this does not expressly address manufacture or sales. Alternatively, it could be that the parties submit a district court consent decree (which includes no reverse payment), but not the PTAB settlement (which could include a reverse payment). After all, a PTAB settlement simply says that the parties agree to terminate the IPR – it need not declare the patent valid – and this arguably does not relate to manufacture or sales.

After Cuozzo, Congress Must Take Back the Ball

While the Supreme Court spoke clearly and unanimously on the issue in Cuozzo, this hardly means the standard to be applied to claim construction in IPRs has been settled. Rather, it means only that the solution to the problem lies outside the courts. Because the Patent Office has adopted, by regulation, an unsatisfactory standard, Congress should step in. In the context of IPR proceedings, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) should be instructed to give claim terms their plain and ordinary meaning to one of skill in the art, just as the courts are instructed to do.