Thomas Carey

ChatGPT and similar generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools rely on large language models (LLMs). LLMs are fed massive amounts of content, such as text, music, photographs and film, which they analyze to discover statistical relationships among these inputs. This process, describe as “training” the LLMs, gives them the ability to generate similar content and to answer questions with seeming authority. The business community, and society at large, seems convinced that AI powered by LLMs holds great promise for increases in efficiency. But multiple lawsuits alleging copyright infringement could create a drag on development of LLMs, or worse, tip the competitive balance towards offshore enterprises that enjoy the benefits of legislation authorizing text and data mining. A lot seems to hang on the question of whether LLM training involves copyright infringement or instead is a fair use of copyrighted content.

Privacy and data security issues can scuttle a deal or at least cost the parties a lot of money. For example, in the due diligence process involving the 2017 acquisition of Yahoo by Verizon, Yahoo disclosed two serious data breaches that compromised over a billion accounts. Yahoo had previously attempted to cover this up. The deal went ahead for nearly $4.5 billion but not before Verizon knocked $350 million off the transaction price and Yahoo paid over $100 million to settle SEC fraud charges and class action lawsuits.